Abadepite baharanira demokarasi bagaragaje impungenge z’uko itandukaniro ry’amoko rishobora gusomwa (bita iki kibazo cy '“ubuzima n’urupfu”) nyuma y’amezi abiri Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) gitanze umuburo rusange kuri ibyo bikoresho ku wa gatanu.Emera “aho bagarukira”.
Bwa mbere mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ko bidashoboka mugihe bakoresha igikoresho cyabantu bafite ibara, kandi urukurikirane rwubushakashatsi bushya rwatanze amakuru mashya agaragaza ikibazo kandi rutanga umuburo nyuma y amezi menshi.Vuba aha, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Michigan basohoye ibaruwa mu nomero y’Ukuboza 2020 y’ikinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi cya New England, basanga amahirwe yo kubura hypoxemia hamwe na oximeter yikubye inshuro eshatu abarwayi b’abirabura.
Umuburo wa FDA wasomye ugira uti: "Nyamuneka menya ko ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gusoma kwa pulisimu ya okisimeteri, nko gutembera nabi, pigmentation y'uruhu, umubyimba w'uruhu, ubushyuhe bw'uruhu, gukoresha itabi muri iki gihe, no gukoresha imisumari."
Ntabwo ivuga mu buryo bweruye itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko mu bikoresho bifatika, bishobora gutenguha abaganga n’abarwayi bagerageza gukurura ikibazo.
Umuganga witwa Thomas Valley, umuganga w’indwara zita ku bihaha akaba n'umwanditsi w’urwandiko rwa NEJM yagize ati: “Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ijambo 'race' or'race 'ritavuzwe mu itumanaho rya FDA.Ati: “Muri icyo gihe, twasanze hari itandukaniro riri hagati y'abarwayi b'abirabura n'abazungu.Ntabwo tuzi impamvu hariho itandukaniro nk'iryo, twibwira ko ari ibara ry'uruhu. ”
Mu cyorezo cya Covid-19, oxyde ya pulse ikoreshwa mu gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni yabaye igikoresho cy’ubuvuzi cy’ingirakamaro cyane kuko virusi ibangamira ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo gutunganya ogisijeni.Mu bitaro, ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kwita ku barwayi.Mu mpera zimpeshyi ishize, nyuma yuko abimenyereza benshi batanze igitekerezo ko bishobora kuba byiza kubika igikoresho murugo (urugero, nkuburyo abantu bashobora gushaka kubika termometero muri kabine yubuvuzi), urugo rwibikoresho rwatangiye kuguruka hejuru yububiko muri farumasi na Amazone nizindi mbuga za interineti zagurishijwe vuba.
Icyakora, impapuro z'Ukuboza gushize (hamwe n’ibivugwa ku ruhererekane rw’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere yerekana ikibazo kimwe, harimo impapuro zasohotse mu 2005) zatunguye abashakashatsi n’abaganga, bavuga ko batabonye iyo ngingo kugira ngo bamenye icyo kibazo.Kubabazwa no gukemura ibibazo byimibonano mpuzabitsina.Imyaka 15.
Utibe Essien, umwungirije wungirije w’ubuvuzi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya Pittsburgh, yagize ati: “Ntabwo nemera ko iyi mibare ari ukuri, kandi nkishingikiriza ku bikoresho bishobora kubogama mu matsinda y’abantu rwose birahungabanya.”, Bwira STAT mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi.
Mu gusubiza izo mpungenge, William Maisel, umuyobozi w’ibiro bishinzwe gusuzuma ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge bw’ikigo cya FDA gishinzwe ibikoresho n’ubuzima bwa Radiologiya, yabwiye STAT ko iki kigo kirimo gusuzuma amakuru ahari kandi ko gitekereza ubundi bushakashatsi nibiba ngombwa.Yavuze ko FDA yizeye ko oximeter zishingiye ku bitaro zifite ukuri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ariko yongeraho ko ku bikoresho bigurishwa kuri interineti no muri farumasi, ibyo bidashobora kuba ari ukuri, kandi ikigo nticyigeze kibisuzuma cyangwa ngo kibyemeze.
Michael Schuddin, impuguke mu bijyanye n’impyiko muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan akaba n'umwanditsi w’urwandiko rwa NEJM, yavuze ko yishimiye ko FDA yashimangiye mu itangazo ryayo akamaro ko kudashingira cyane kuri oxyde ya pulse kugira ngo ifate ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi.Icyakora, yongeyeho ko yemera ko kutavuga mu buryo bweruye ubwoko ari “amahirwe yabuze.”
Yagize ati: “Nkurikije aho iyi ngingo igarukira, ndakeka ko FDA ishaka kuba maso mu makuru yabo yerekeye itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko mu buryo bwa oxyde ya pulse, kandi ikibanda cyane ku kibazo cyo kumenya neza niba impiswi ya oxyde.”
Erin ni umunyamakuru w'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubuzima muri Californiya akaba n'umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru STAT Health Tech.
Statnews, ubu dukora imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana?Ibinyabuzima na fiziki byigishwa mu byiciro biri hejuru y’amashuri abanza, ariko uwanditse iyi ngingo asa nkaho atazi ibinyabuzima na fiziki.
Nkuko umwe mubatanze ibitekerezo yabivuze, nibyiza ko umwanditsi ahindura ingingo kuva "umubiri utanga ogisijeni" ukageza "umubiri utanga ogisijeni".
Umucyo urafunzwe / winjijwe na pigment.Ibara ubona mu irangi ni ibara ryerekanwa n'irangi.Kubwibyo, ibyo ubona ni umukara, bivuze ko amabara yibanze muburyo bwo kwerekana ibintu atari amabara yibanze.Cyera, amabara yose aragaragara.Oximeter ikora munsi yumucyo, bityo igira ingaruka cyane kumucyo wafunzwe / urumuri rwakiriwe.
Birasa nkaho abanditsi biyi ngingo batarabona ibinyabuzima na fiziki, bityo bagomba kuba bafite uburezi bwibanze gusa.Kubera ko amashuri yisumbuye na yisumbuye ari amasomo ateganijwe, yigisha ibinyabuzima na fiziki, birashobora kudufasha gutekereza niba twakora imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana hano, kugirango abana bo mumashuri abanza bandike iyi ngingo.Twabonye uruhushya rw'ababyeyi bacu?
Ibipimo bya ogisijeni y'urutoki bifashisha urumuri rutagira ingano kugira ngo rwuzuze umwuka wa ogisijeni, kubera ko okiside hemoglobine ikurura urumuri rwinshi.SO: Ukurikije kumenya urumuri, iki gikoresho ntigikora neza kubantu bafite uruhu rwijimye.Ibi bizwi mu myaka irenga 20, ariko nta ngamba zafashwe zo guhuza n'imiterere.FDA igomba kuvuga neza ibi, bishobora gutera imbaraga za metero ya ogisijeni (urutoki), kuko DOES ikora neza kubantu bafite uruhu rwijimye."Urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko" mu mutwe w'iyi ngingo ni ibara ryerekana inenge iboneye (guhana).
Umwanditsi, Mfite isoni zo kwiyongera kwamoko.Ingingo yawe igabanya ubwiza bwa statnews.Ariko, icyo gihe ntiwari wenyine mugukora ibi muri statnews.Ahari ubwiza bwa statnews buragabanuka.
Ni ryari ibintu by'amoko by'ishyaka rya Liberal byahagaritse igihe byasaze?Isiganwa rya oximeter?Ninkaho ivanguramoko covid-19.Kwishyira ukizana ni indwara yo mu mutwe iteje akaga.Oya, abigenga rwose ntabwo ari ivangura.Bafata abantu bose kimwe.Banga abantu bose byemewe n'amategeko muri Amerika.
Oximeter ikoresha urumuri rworoshye rwo gupima ogisijeni.Niba ufite ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kibuza urumuri (nk'irangi, imisumari, n'ibindi), urumuri ruzagira ingaruka.Ubwenge busanzwe aho kuba urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko.
Abaganga batazi ubwenge batanga ibisobanuro ku rwikekwe rushingiye ku moko ni ibicucu.Amategeko ya fiziki ni impumyi kumoko kandi agengwa namategeko ya fiziki.Iyo umwarimu / umwarimu yigisha ubumenyi bwibanze bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri, gutandukana, no kwinjizwa, asa nkaho asinziriye mu ishuri.Sinshaka ko umuganga w'igicucu nka we amfata.
Umwanditsi akwiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuburyo oximeter ikora, ntabwo ari ubugambanyi bwamoko.
Urwego rwa melanisation yuruhu rwumuntu nigitanda cyimisumari bigira uruhare rwa physiologique mukwakira no kwanduza?Ndibuka ingingo iherutse gusohoka muri NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine) yazamuye iki kibazo.Nkumuntu ushingiye kuri siyanse numuganga wimenyereza umwuga, nishimiye gutekereza kubitekerezo byose nubushishozi bushobora kumfasha gusuzuma abarwayi.Icyambere natekereje nuko amahirwe yo gusoma pulse oximeter azaterwa nurwego cyangwa ubukana bwa melanin muruhu no mumisumari.Nibyo biologiya na physics!Kwinjira k'umucyo ultraviolet ukoresheje uruhu nuburyo bigira ingaruka ku musaruro no guhindagurika kwa vitamine D mu ruhu birerekana neza iyi ngingo.Melanin irashobora kugabanya kwinjiza urumuri rwa UVB kuruhu!Ni ngombwa kubyumva no kubyumva.
Siyanse yose ntabwo ari "ivanguramoko"!Keretse niba kugeza igihe dusomye, twize kandi twize "Ubumenyi", dukwiye kwitonda cyane kugirango tutagira imyanzuro itari yo!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-03-2021