Kuri uyu wa gatanu, abadepite ba demokarasi bagaragaje impungenge z’uko itandukaniro ry’amoko rishobora gusomwa na pulse oximeter (bivuze ko iki ari ikibazo cy '“ubuzima n’urupfu”) nyuma y’amezi abiri Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) gitanze umuburo rusange kuri ibyo bikoresho kuri uyu wa gatanu.Emera “aho bagarukira”.
Bwa mbere mu myaka mirongo, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibintu bidashoboka mugukoresha igikoresho nabantu bafite ibara.Urukurikirane rwubushakashatsi bushya bwabyaye amakuru mashya kugirango ashimangire iki kibazo nyuma yimyaka mirongo.Vuba aha, abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Michigan basohoye ibaruwa mu nomero y’Ukuboza 2020 y’ikinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi cya New England, basanga amahirwe yo kubura hypoxemia hamwe na oximeter yikubye inshuro eshatu abarwayi b’abirabura.
Umuburo wa FDA wanditse Tao wanditse uti: "Nyamuneka menya ko ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gusoma kwa pulisimu ya okisimeteri, nko gutembera nabi, pigmentation y'uruhu, umubyimba w'uruhu, ubushyuhe bw'uruhu, gukoresha itabi muri iki gihe, no gukoresha imisumari".
Ntabwo ivuga mu buryo bweruye itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko mu bikoresho bifatika, bishobora gutenguha abaganga n’abarwayi bagerageza gukurura ikibazo.
Umuganga witwa Thomas Valley, umuganga w’indwara zita ku bihaha akaba n'umwanditsi w’urwandiko rwa NEJM yagize ati: “Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ijambo 'race' or'race 'ritavuzwe mu itumanaho rya FDA.Ati: “Muri icyo gihe, twabonye itandukaniro riri hagati y'abarwayi b'abirabura n'abazungu.Ntabwo tuzi impamvu hariho itandukaniro nk'iryo, twibwira ko ari ibara ry'uruhu. ”
Mu cyorezo cya Covid-19, impiswi ya oxyde ikoreshwa mu gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni yabaye igikoresho cy’amavuriro cy’ingirakamaro cyane kuko virusi ibangamira ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo gutunganya ogisijeni.Mu bitaro, ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu gufata ibyemezo bijyanye no kwita ku barwayi.Mu mpera z'impeshyi ishize, nyuma yuko abimenyereza benshi basabye ko igikoresho gishobora gufasha mugihe gikoreshwa murugo (urugero, bisa nuburyo abantu bashobora gushaka kubika termometero mu kabari k’ubuvuzi), verisiyo yurugo rwibikoresho yatangiye iguruka mu bubiko mu bubiko bw'ibiyobyabwenge, Kandi bigurishwa vuba kuri Amazone no ku zindi mbuga za interineti.
Icyakora, impapuro z'Ukuboza gushize (hamwe n’ibivugwa ku ruhererekane rw’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere yerekana ikibazo kimwe, harimo impapuro zasohotse mu 2005) zatunguye abashakashatsi n’abaganga, bavuga ko batabonye ibintu ngo bamenye icyo kibazo.Kubabazwa no gukemura ibibazo byimibonano mpuzabitsina.Imyaka 15.
Utibe Essien, umwungirije wungirije w’ubuvuzi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya kaminuza ya Pittsburgh, yagize ati: “Ntabwo nemera ko iyi mibare ari ukuri, kandi nkishingikiriza ku bikoresho bishobora kubogama mu matsinda y’abantu rwose birahungabanya.”, Bwira STAT mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi.
Mu gusubiza izo mpungenge, William Maisel, umuyobozi w’ibiro bishinzwe gusuzuma ibicuruzwa n’ubuziranenge bw’ikigo cya FDA gishinzwe ibikoresho n’ubuzima bwa Radiologiya, yabwiye STAT ko iki kigo kirimo gusuzuma amakuru ahari kandi ko gitekereza ubundi bushakashatsi nibiba ngombwa.Yavuze ko FDA yizeye ko oximeter zishingiye ku bitaro zifite ukuri ku rwego rwo hejuru, ariko yongeraho ko atari ko bimeze ku bikoresho bigurishwa kuri interineti no muri farumasi, kandi ikigo nticyigeze kibisuzuma cyangwa ngo kibyemeze.
Michael Schuddin, impuguke mu bijyanye n’ibihaha muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan akaba n'umwanditsi w’urwandiko rwa NEJM, yavuze ko yishimiye ko aya magambo ya FDA yashimangiye akamaro ko kudashingira cyane kuri oxyde ya pulse kugira ngo ifate ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi.Icyakora, yongeyeho ko yemera ko kutavuga mu buryo bweruye ubwoko ari “amahirwe yabuze.”
Yagize ati: “Nkurikije aho iyi ngingo igarukira, ndakeka ko FDA ishaka kuba maso mu makuru yabo yerekeye itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko mu buryo bwa oxyde ya pulse kandi ikita cyane ku kibazo cy’imisemburo ya oxyde.”
Erin ni umunyamakuru w'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubuzima muri Californiya akaba n'umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru STAT Health Tech.
Statnews, ubu dukora imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana?Ibinyabuzima na fiziki byigishwa mu byiciro biri hejuru y’amashuri abanza, ariko uwanditse iyi ngingo asa nkaho atazi ibinyabuzima na fiziki.
Umwe mu batanze ibitekerezo yavuze ko ari byiza ko umwanditsi ahindura ingingo kuva “umubiri utanga ogisijeni” ukageza “umubiri utanga ogisijeni”.
Umucyo urafunzwe / winjijwe na pigment.Ibara ubona mu irangi ni ibara ryerekanwa n'irangi.Kubwibyo, ibyo ubona ni umukara, bivuze ko amabara yibanze muburyo bwo kwerekana ibintu atari amabara yibanze.Cyera, amabara yose aragaragara.Oximeter ikora munsi yumucyo, bityo igira ingaruka cyane kumucyo wafunzwe / urumuri rwakiriwe.
Birasa nkaho abanditsi biyi ngingo batarabona ibinyabuzima na fiziki, bityo bagomba kuba bafite uburezi bwibanze gusa.Kubera ko amashuri yisumbuye nayisumbuye ari amasomo ateganijwe, yigisha ibinyabuzima na fiziki, birashobora kudufasha gutekereza niba dukora imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana hano, kugirango abana bo mumashuri abanza bashobore kwandika iyi ngingo.Twabonye uruhushya rw'ababyeyi bacu?
Ibipimo bya ogisijeni y'urutoki bifashisha urumuri rutagira ingano kugira ngo rwuzuze umwuka wa ogisijeni, kubera ko okiside hemoglobine ikurura urumuri rwinshi.SO: Ukurikije kumenya urumuri, iki gikoresho ntigikora neza kubantu bafite uruhu rwijimye.Ibi bizwi mu myaka irenga 20, ariko nta ngamba zafashwe zo guhuza n'imiterere.FDA igomba kuvuga neza ibi, bishobora gutera imbaraga za metero ya ogisijeni (urutoki), kuko DOES ikora neza kubantu bafite uruhu rwijimye."Urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko" mu mutwe w'iyi ngingo ni ibara ryerekana inenge iboneye (guhana).
Umwanditsi, Mfite isoni zo kwiyongera kwamoko.Ingingo yawe igabanya ubwiza bwa statnews.Ariko, icyo gihe ntiwari wenyine mugukora ibi muri statnews.Ahari ubwiza bwa statnews buragabanuka.
Ni ryari ibintu by'amoko by'ishyaka rya Liberal byahagaritse igihe byasaze?Isiganwa rya oximeter?Ninkaho ivanguramoko covid-19.Kwishyira ukizana ni indwara yo mu mutwe iteje akaga.Oya, abigenga rwose ntabwo ari ivangura.Bafata abantu bose kimwe.Banga abantu bose byemewe n'amategeko muri Amerika.
Oximeter ikoresha urumuri rworoshye rwo gupima ogisijeni.Niba ufite ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kibuza urumuri (nk'irangi, imisumari, n'ibindi), urumuri ruzagira ingaruka.Ubwenge busanzwe aho kuba urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko.
Abaganga batazi ubwenge batanga ibisobanuro ku rwikekwe rushingiye ku moko ni ibicucu.Amategeko ya fiziki ni impumyi kumoko kandi agengwa namategeko ya fiziki.Iyo umwarimu / umwarimu yigisha ubumenyi bwibanze bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri, gutandukana, no kwinjizwa, asa nkaho asinziriye mu ishuri.Sinshaka ko umuganga w'igicucu nka we amfata.
Umwanditsi akwiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuburyo oximeter ikora, ntabwo ari ubugambanyi bwamoko.
Urwego rwa melanisation yuruhu rwumuntu nigitanda cyimisumari bigira uruhare rwa physiologique mukwakira no kwanduza?Ndibuka ingingo iherutse gusohoka muri NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine) yazamuye iki kibazo.Nkumuntu ushingiye kuri siyanse numuganga wimenyereza umwuga, ndaguhaye ikaze kugirango utekereze kubitekerezo byose nubushishozi bifasha mugusuzuma kwanjye.Ikintu cya mbere ngomba gusuzuma ni uko amahirwe yo gusoma ya pulse oximeter azaterwa nubunini cyangwa ubukana bwa melanin mu ruhu no ku nzara.Nibyo biologiya na physics!Kwinjira k'umucyo ultraviolet ukoresheje uruhu nuburyo bigira ingaruka ku musaruro no guhindagurika kwa vitamine D mu ruhu birerekana neza iyi ngingo.Melanin irashobora kugabanya kwinjiza urumuri rwa UVB kuruhu!Ni ngombwa kubyumva no kubyumva.
Siyanse yose ntabwo ari "ivanguramoko"!Keretse niba kugeza igihe dusomye, twize kandi twize "Ubumenyi", dukwiye kwitonda cyane kugirango tutagira imyanzuro itari yo!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-09-2021