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Zhao Heng, 1, * Zhang Lidan, 2, * Liu Lifang, 1 Li Chunqing, 3 Indirimbo Weili, 3 Peng Yongyang, 1 Zhang Yunliang, 1 Li Dan 41 Laboratoire ya Endocrinology, Ibitaro bikuru bya Baoding, Baoding, Intara ya Hebei, 071000;2 Baoding Ishami rya mbere ryubuvuzi bwa kirimbuzi, Ibitaro bikuru, Baoding, Hebei 071000;Ishami ry’ubuvuzi rya Baoding Ibitaro Bikuru Bikuru, Baoding, Intara ya Hebei, 071000;Ishami ry’amaso, ibitaro bishamikiye kuri kaminuza ya Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 * Aba banditsi bagize uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa.Umwanditsi wandikirwa: Li Dan, Ishami ry’amaso, ibitaro bya kaminuza ya Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071000 Tel +86 189 31251885 Fax +86 031 25981539 Imeri Repubulika yUbushinwa Tel +86 151620373737373737375axe Imeri irinzwe] Intego: Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gusobanura urwego rwa glycosylated hemoglobine (HbA1c), D-dimer (DD) na fibrinogen (FIB) muburyo butandukanye bwa retinopatie diabete (DR).Uburyo: Hatoranijwe abarwayi 61 ba diyabete 61, bavuwe mu ishami ryacu kuva mu Gushyingo 2017 kugeza Gicurasi 2019.Dukurikije ibisubizo by’ifoto itari mydriatike yo gufotora hamwe na angiografi ya fundus, abarwayi bagabanyijwemo amatsinda atatu, ari yo matsinda atari DR (NDR) (n = 23), itsinda ridakwirakwiza DR (NPDR) (n = 17) no kwiyongera. Itsinda DR (PDR) (n = 21).Harimo kandi itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura abantu 20 bapimishije nabi diyabete.Gupima no kugereranya urwego rwa HbA1c, DD na FIB.Ibisubizo: Impuzandengo ya HbA1c yari 6.8% (5.2%, 7.7%), 7.4% (5.8%, 9.0%) na 8.5% (6.3%), 9.7%) mumatsinda ya NDR, NPDR na PDR, .Igiciro cyo kugenzura cyari 4.9% (4.1%, 5.8%).Ibisubizo byerekana ko hari itandukaniro rinini ryibarurishamibare hagati yitsinda.Mu matsinda ya NDR, NPDR, na PDR, impuzandengo ya DD yari 0.39 ± 0.21 mg / L, 1.06 ± 0.54 mg / L, na 1.39 ± 0.59 mg / L.Ibisubizo by'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura byari 0.36 ± 0.17 mg / L.Indangagaciro z'itsinda rya NPDR n'itsinda rya PDR zari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'iz'itsinda rya NDR n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi agaciro k'itsinda PDR kari hejuru cyane ugereranije n'ay'itsinda rya NPDR, byerekana ko itandukaniro riri hagati y'amatsinda ryari rifite akamaro (P <0.001).Impuzandengo ya FIB mu matsinda ya NDR, NPDR, na PDR yari 3.07 ± 0.42 g / L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g / L, na 4.46 ± 1.09 g / L.Ibisubizo by'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura byari 2.97 ± 0,67 g / L.Itandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda ryari rifite imibare (P <0.05).Umwanzuro: Urwego rwamaraso HbA1c, DD, na FIB mumatsinda ya PDR yari hejuru cyane ugereranije nabari mumatsinda ya NPDR.Ijambo ryibanze: glycosylated hemoglobine, HbA1c, D-dimer, DD, fibrinogen, FIB, retinopathie diabete, DR, microangiopathie
Indwara ya Diyabete (DM) yabaye indwara nyinshi mu myaka yashize, kandi ingorane zayo zishobora gutera indwara nyinshi, muri zo hakaba harimo microangiopathie nyamukuru itera impfu z'abarwayi ba diyabete.1 Glycated hemoglobine (HbA1c) ni cyo kimenyetso nyamukuru cyo kugenzura amaraso ya glucose, agaragaza cyane cyane igipimo cy’amaraso cya glucose cy’abarwayi mu mezi abiri cyangwa atatu ya mbere, kandi kikaba cyarabaye urwego mpuzamahanga rwa zahabu ruzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga rwo gukurikirana indwara ya glucose y’amaraso igihe kirekire. .Mu isuzuma ryimikorere ya coagulation, D-dimer (DD) irashobora kwerekana byumwihariko hyperfibrinolysis ya kabiri na hypercoagulability mumubiri, nkikimenyetso cyerekana trombose.Kwibanda kwa Fibrinogen (FIB) birashobora kwerekana imiterere ya prethrombotic mumubiri.Ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekanye ko gukurikirana imikorere ya coagulation na HbA1c by’abarwayi bafite DM bigira uruhare mu gusuzuma iterambere ry’ibibazo by’indwara, 2,3 cyane cyane microangiopathie.4 Diyabete retinopathie (DR) ni imwe mu ngorane zikunze kugaragara cyane kandi zitera ubuhumyi bwa diyabete.Ibyiza byubwoko butatu bwibizamini ni uko byoroshye gukora kandi bizwi cyane mubuvuzi.Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza indangagaciro za HbA1c, DD, na FIB z’abarwayi bafite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za DR, kandi ikabagereranya n’ibisubizo by’abarwayi batari DR DM n’abasuzuma umubiri utari DM, kugira ngo hamenyekane akamaro ka HbA1c, DD na FIB.Ikizamini cya FIB gikoreshwa mugukurikirana ibibaho niterambere rya DR.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwatoranije abarwayi ba diyabete 61 (amaso 122) bavuwe mu ishami ry’indwara z’ibitaro bikuru bya Baoding kuva mu Gushyingo 2017 kugeza Gicurasi 2019. Ibipimo by’abarwayi ni: abarwayi ba diyabete basuzumwe hakurikijwe “Amabwiriza yo gukumira no kuvura ubwoko Diyabete 2 mu Bushinwa (2017) ”, hamwe n'amasomo meza yo kwisuzumisha ku mubiri kuri diyabete.Ibipimo byo guhezwa ni ibi bikurikira: (1) abarwayi batwite;(2) abarwayi barwaye diyabete;(3) abarwayi bari munsi y’imyaka 14;(4) hari ingaruka zidasanzwe zibiyobyabwenge, nko gukoresha glucocorticoide iherutse.Dukurikije amafoto yabo atari mydriatike yo gufotora hamwe n’ibisubizo bya fluorescein fundus angiography, abitabiriye amahugurwa bagabanyijwemo amatsinda atatu akurikira: Itsinda ritari DR (NDR) ryarimo abarwayi 23 (amaso 46), abagabo 11, abagore 12, n’imyaka 43- Imyaka 76.Imyaka, impuzandengo yimyaka 61,78 ± 6.28;itsinda ridakwirakwiza DR (NPDR), imanza 17 (amaso 34), abagabo 10 n’abagore 7, imyaka 47-70, impuzandengo yimyaka 60.89 ± 4.27;ikwirakwizwa rya DR (Hariho abantu 21 (amaso 42) mu itsinda rya PDR, harimo abagabo 9 n’abagore 12, bafite imyaka 51-73, bafite impuzandengo yimyaka 62.24 ± 7.91. Abantu 20 (amaso 40) bose hamwe itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ryagize ingaruka mbi kuri diyabete, harimo abagabo 8 n’abagore 12, bafite hagati y’imyaka 50-75, bafite impuzandengo y’imyaka 64.54 ± 3.11. kubagwa, kwandura, ibibyimba bibi cyangwa izindi ndwara rusange kavukire ntizakuweho.Abitabiriye amahugurwa bose batanze uruhushya rwanditse rwo kumenyekanisha ko bazashyirwa mu bushakashatsi.
Abarwayi ba DR bujuje ibyangombwa bisuzumwa byatanzwe n’ishami ry’ubuvuzi bw’ishami ry’amaso n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi ry’Abashinwa.5 Twakoresheje kamera itari mydriatike (Canon CR-2, Tokiyo, Ubuyapani) kugirango twandike inkingi yinyuma yikigega cyumurwayi.Kandi yafashe ifoto ya 30 ° –45 °.Umuganga w'amaso watojwe neza yatanze raporo yanditse yo gusuzuma ashingiye kumashusho.Ku bijyanye na DR, koresha Heidelberg Retinal Angiography-2 (HRA-2) (Heidelberg Engineering Company, Ubudage) mu kigega cya angiography, kandi ukoreshe ubushakashatsi burindwi bwo kuvura indwara ya diabete retinopathie (ETDRS) fluorescein angiography (FA) kugirango wemeze NPDR cyangwa PDR.Ukurikije niba abitabiriye amahugurwa bagaragaje imitsi mishya, abitabiriye amahugurwa bagabanyijwemo amatsinda ya NPDR na PDR.Abarwayi ba diyabete itari DR banditse ko ari itsinda rya NDR;abarwayi bapimishije diyabete bafatwaga nk'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.
Mugitondo, 1.8 mL yamaraso yamaraso yisonzesha yakusanyirijwe hanyuma ashyirwa mumiyoboro ya anticoagulation.Nyuma yamasaha 2, centrifuge muminota 20 kugirango umenye urwego rwa HbA1c.
Mugitondo, 1.8 mL yamaraso yamaraso yisonzesha yakusanyirijwe, yinjizwa mumiyoboro ya anticoagulation, hanyuma yinjizwamo iminota 10.Supernatant noneho yakoreshejwe mugushakisha DD na FIB.
Gutahura HbA1c bikorwa hakoreshejwe Beckman AU5821 isesengura ryibinyabuzima ryibinyabuzima na reagent zayo.Indwara ya Diyabete igabanya agaciro> 6.20%, agaciro gasanzwe ni 3.00% ~ 6.20%.
Ibizamini bya DD na FIB byakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura rya STA Compact Max® ryikora (Stago, Ubufaransa) hamwe na reagent zayo.Indangagaciro nziza ni DD> 0.5 mg / L na FIB> 4 g / L, mugihe indangagaciro zisanzwe ari DD ≤ 0.5 mg / L na FIB 2-4 g / L.
Porogaramu ya SPSS (v.11.5) porogaramu ya software ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibisubizo;amakuru yerekanwe nkubusobanuro iation gutandukana bisanzwe (± s).Ukurikije ikizamini gisanzwe, amakuru yavuzwe haruguru ahuye nikwirakwizwa risanzwe.Isesengura-nzira imwe yo gutandukana ryakozwe kumatsinda ane ya HbA1c, DD, na FIB.Mubyongeyeho, urwego rukomeye rwibarurishamibare rwa DD na FIB rwagereranijwe;P <0.05 yerekana ko itandukaniro rifite imibare ikomeye.
Imyaka y'amasomo mu itsinda rya NDR, itsinda rya NPDR, itsinda rya PDR, n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura yari 61,78 ± 6.28, 60.89 ± 4.27, 62.24 ± 7.91, na 64.54 ± 3.11 bafite imyaka.Imyaka ubusanzwe yatanzwe nyuma yikizamini gisanzwe cyo kugabura.Isesengura ryuburyo bumwe butandukanye ryerekanye ko itandukaniro ritari rifite imibare (P = 0.157) (Imbonerahamwe 1).
Imbonerahamwe 1 Kugereranya ibyingenzi byubuvuzi nubuvuzi bwamaso hagati yitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura nitsinda rya NDR, NPDR na PDR
Impuzandengo ya HbA1c yo mu itsinda rya NDR, itsinda rya NPDR, itsinda rya PDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura bari 6.58 ± 0,95%, 7.45 ± 1.21%, 8.04 ± 1.81% na 4.53 ± 0.41%.HbA1cs yaya matsinda ane asanzwe akwirakwizwa kandi akageragezwa no kugabana bisanzwe.Ukoresheje isesengura-nzira imwe yo gutandukana, itandukaniro ryari rifite imibare (P <0.001) (Imbonerahamwe 2).Ibindi byagereranijwe hagati yitsinda bine byerekanaga itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yitsinda (P <0.05) (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Impuzandengo ya DD mu itsinda rya NDR, itsinda rya NPDR, itsinda rya PDR, hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura byari 0.39 ± 0.21mg / L, 1.06 ± 0.54mg / L, 1.39 ± 0.59mg / L na 0.36 ± 0.17mg / L, bikurikiranye.DD zose zisanzwe zikwirakwizwa kandi zipimwa mubisanzwe.Ukoresheje isesengura-nzira imwe yo gutandukana, itandukaniro ryari rifite imibare (P <0.001) (Imbonerahamwe 2).Binyuze mu kugereranya amatsinda ane, ibisubizo byerekana ko indangagaciro zitsinda rya NPDR nitsinda rya PDR ziri hejuru cyane ugereranije nitsinda rya NDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi agaciro kitsinda PDR kari hejuru cyane ugereranije nitsinda rya NPDR , byerekana ko itandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda rifite akamaro (P <0.05).Ariko, itandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda rya NDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ntabwo ryari rifite imibare (P> 0.05) (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Impuzandengo ya FIB yitsinda rya NDR, itsinda rya NPDR, itsinda rya PDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura byari 3.07 ± 0.42 g / L, 4.38 ± 0.54 g / L, 4.46 ± 1.09 g / L na 2.97 ± 0,67 g / L.FIB yaya matsinda ane Yerekana isaranganya risanzwe hamwe nikizamini gisanzwe.Ukoresheje isesengura-nzira imwe yo gutandukana, itandukaniro ryari rifite imibare (P <0.001) (Imbonerahamwe 2).Ubundi kugereranya hagati yaya matsinda ane byerekanaga ko indangagaciro zitsinda rya NPDR nitsinda rya PDR zari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’itsinda rya NDR hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, byerekana ko itandukaniro riri hagati yitsinda ryari rikomeye (P <0.05).Ariko, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati yitsinda rya NPDR nitsinda rya PDR, na NDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura (P> 0.05) (Imbonerahamwe 3).
Mu myaka yashize, indwara ya diyabete yiyongereye uko umwaka utashye, kandi indwara ya DR nayo yariyongereye.Kugeza ubu DR niyo itera ubuhumyi.6 Imihindagurikire ikabije mu maraso glucose (BG) / isukari irashobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, biganisha ku ruhererekane rw'imitsi iva mu mitsi.7 Kubwibyo, gukurikirana urwego rwa BG hamwe na coagulation y’abarwayi ba diyabete hamwe n’iterambere rya DR, abashakashatsi bo mu Bushinwa n’ahandi barashimishijwe cyane.
Iyo hemoglobine iri mu ngirangingo z'amaraso itukura ihujwe n'isukari yo mu maraso, hakorwa glycosylated hemoglobine, ubusanzwe ikagaragaza isukari mu maraso y'umurwayi mu byumweru 8-12 bya mbere.Umusaruro wa HbA1c uratinda, ariko iyo urangiye, ntabwo byoroshye gucika;kubwibyo, kuboneka kwayo bifasha gukurikirana diyabete yamaraso glucose.8 Indwara ya hyperglycemia ndende irashobora gutera impinduka zidasubirwaho mumitsi, ariko HbAlc iracyari ikimenyetso cyiza cyerekana glucose yamaraso kubarwayi ba diyabete.Urwego rwa HbAlc ntirugaragaza gusa isukari mu maraso, ariko kandi rufitanye isano rya hafi n’isukari mu maraso.Bifitanye isano nibibazo bya diyabete nk'indwara ya mikorobe n'indwara ya macrovasculaire.10 Muri ubu bushakashatsi, HbAlc y’abarwayi bafite ubwoko butandukanye bwa DR yagereranijwe.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko indangagaciro zitsinda rya NPDR nitsinda rya PDR zari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’itsinda rya NDR hamwe n’itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura, kandi agaciro k’itsinda PDR kari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’itsinda rya NPDR.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekanye ko iyo urwego rwa HbA1c rukomeje kwiyongera, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa hemoglobine bwo guhuza no gutwara ogisijeni, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku mikorere ya retina.11 Kwiyongera kwa HbA1c bifitanye isano no kongera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete, 12 no kugabanuka kwa HbA1c bishobora kugabanya ibyago bya DR.13 Abandi.14 basanze urwego rwa HbA1c rw’abarwayi ba DR rwarutaga cyane urw'abarwayi ba NDR.Mu barwayi ba DR, cyane cyane abarwayi ba PDR, urwego rwa BG na HbA1c ruri hejuru cyane, kandi uko urwego rwa BG na HbA1c rwiyongera, urugero rw’ubumuga bwo kutabona ku barwayi rwiyongera.15 Ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru burahuye nibisubizo byacu.Nyamara, urwego rwa HbA1c rwibasiwe nibintu nka anemia, ubuzima bwa hemoglobine, imyaka, gutwita, ubwoko, nibindi, kandi ntibishobora kwerekana ihinduka ryihuse rya glucose yamaraso mugihe gito, kandi bifite "ingaruka zo gutinda".Kubwibyo, intiti zimwe zemeza ko agaciro kayo gafite aho zigarukira.16
Ibiranga indwara ya DR ni retinal neovascularization hamwe no kwangirika kwamaraso;icyakora, uburyo bwuburyo diyabete itera DR itangiye.Kugeza ubu abantu bemeza ko kwangirika kwimikorere yimitsi yoroheje na selile endoteliyale hamwe numurimo udasanzwe wa fibrinolytike ya retinal capillaries nizo mpamvu ebyiri nyamukuru zitera abarwayi bafite retinopatie diabete.17 Guhindura imikorere ya coagulation birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma retinopathie.Iterambere rya diyabete ya microangiopathie.Muri icyo gihe, DD nigicuruzwa cyihariye cyo gutesha agaciro enzyme ya fibrinolytike kugirango ihuze fibrin, ishobora kwihuta, byoroshye, kandi bikoresha neza igiciro cya DD muri plasma.Ukurikije ibi nibindi byiza, ibizamini bya DD mubisanzwe bikorwa.Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko itsinda rya NPDR nitsinda rya PDR ryari hejuru cyane ugereranije nitsinda rya NDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura ugereranije impuzandengo ya DD, kandi itsinda rya PDR ryari hejuru cyane ugereranije nitsinda rya NPDR.Ubundi bushakashatsi bw’Abashinwa bwerekana ko imikorere ya coagulation y’abarwayi ba diyabete itazahinduka mbere;icyakora, niba umurwayi afite indwara ya microvasculaire, imikorere ya coagulation izahinduka cyane.4 Mugihe urugero rwo kwangirika kwa DR rwiyongera, urwego rwa DD rugenda rwiyongera buhoro buhoro rukagera ku rwego rwo hejuru ku barwayi ba PDR.18 Ubu bushakashatsi burahuye nibisubizo byubushakashatsi.
Fibrinogen ni ikimenyetso cyerekana imiterere ya hypercoagulable kandi igabanya ibikorwa bya fibrinolytike, kandi kwiyongera kwayo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumaraso no kuva amaraso.Nibintu bibanziriza trombose, kandi FIB mumaraso yabarwayi ba diyabete ni ishingiro ryingenzi ryo gushiraho leta ya hypercoagulable muri plasma ya diyabete.Kugereranya impuzandengo ya FIB muri ubu bushakashatsi yerekana ko indangagaciro zitsinda rya NPDR na PDR zisumba cyane indangagaciro za NDR nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko urwego rwa FIB rw’abarwayi ba DR ruri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’abarwayi ba NDR, byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa FIB bigira ingaruka runaka ku bibaho no ku iterambere rya DR kandi bishobora kwihutisha iterambere ryabyo;ariko, uburyo bwihariye bugira uruhare muriki gikorwa butaruzura.bisobanutse.19,20
Ibisubizo byavuzwe haruguru bihuye nubu bushakashatsi.Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kumenya hamwe DD na FIB bishobora gukurikirana no kureba impinduka z’imiterere y’umubiri wa hypercoagulable na hemorheologiya, ibyo bikaba bifasha kwisuzumisha hakiri kare, kuvura no guhanura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 hamwe na diyabete.Microangiopathie 21
Twabibutsa ko hari imbogamizi nyinshi mubushakashatsi bugezweho bushobora kugira ingaruka kubisubizo.Kubera ko ubu ari ubushakashatsi butandukanye, umubare w'abarwayi bafite ubushake bwo kwipimisha amaso ndetse no gupimisha amaraso mu gihe cyo kwiga ni muto.Byongeye kandi, abarwayi bamwe bakeneye amafaranga ya fluorescein angiography bakeneye kugenzura umuvuduko wamaraso kandi bagomba kugira amateka ya allergie mbere yo kwisuzumisha.Kwanga kugenzura ibindi byaviriyemo kubura abitabiriye.Kubwibyo, ingano yicyitegererezo ni nto.Tuzakomeza kwagura ingano yicyitegererezo mubushakashatsi buzaza.Byongeye kandi, ibizamini byamaso bikorwa gusa nkitsinda ryujuje ubuziranenge;ntakizamini cyinyongera cyakozwe, nkibipimo bya optique coherence tomografiya yuburebure bwa macular cyangwa ibizamini byo kureba.Hanyuma, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana kwitegereza kandi ntibishobora kwerekana impinduka mubikorwa byindwara;ubushakashatsi buzaza busaba izindi ndorerezi.
Muri make, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mumaraso HbA1c, DD, na FIB kubarwayi bafite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za DM.Amaraso yitsinda rya NPDR na PDR yari hejuru cyane ugereranije na NDR na euglycemic.Kubwibyo, mugupima no kuvura abarwayi ba diyabete, guhuriza hamwe hamwe HbA1c, DD, na FIB birashobora kongera igipimo cyo gutahura kwangirika kwa mikorobe hakiri kare ku barwayi ba diyabete, korohereza gusuzuma ibyago by’ingaruka ziterwa na mikorobe, kandi bigafasha gusuzuma hakiri kare diyabete. hamwe na retinopathie.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwemejwe na komite ishinzwe imyitwarire y’ibitaro bishamikiye kuri kaminuza ya Hebei (nimero yemewe: 2019063) kandi bwakozwe hakurikijwe Itangazo rya Helsinki.Uruhushya rwanditse rwabonetse kubitabiriye amahugurwa bose.
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